What is a saturated solution?

A saturated solution is defined as a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent at a specific temperature and pressure. When a solution reaches saturation, no more solute can be dissolved, and any additional solute would remain undissolved at the bottom of the container. The concentration of the solute in a saturated solution is at an equilibrium point, where the rate of dissolution of the solute and the rate of precipitation are equal.

Understanding this concept is key in various chemical contexts, such as in crystallization processes and in determining solubility limits. It is important to note that the saturation point can change with temperature; often, increasing the temperature allows more solute to dissolve, potentially leading to a new saturation level at the higher temperature.