What is the definition of an acid according to the Brønsted-Lowry theory?

The Brønsted-Lowry theory defines an acid as a substance that donates protons (H⁺ ions) to other substances. This definition expands the concept of acids beyond just those that produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions, as seen in other definitions, such as the Arrhenius definition. In the Brønsted-Lowry framework, an acid can be understood in a broader context, allowing for proton transfer reactions to occur in various environments, not strictly limited to water.

When an acid donates a proton, it forms its conjugate base, which highlights the dynamic nature of acid-base reactions as a transfer of protons between species. This makes the Brønsted-Lowry definition versatile and applicable in various chemical reactions involving acids and bases that may not fit other definitions, which might restrict substances to those producing hydroxide ions or limiting their behavior based solely on pH levels.

The other options reflect concepts that relate but do not align correctly with the Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids. For example, while hydroxide ion production is relevant to the Arrhenius definition of bases, it does not pertain to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, which focuses on proton exchange.