What occurs when lithium reacts with water?

When lithium reacts with water, it exhibits distinctive behavior characteristic of alkali metals. The reaction involves lithium floating on the surface of the water and producing hydrogen gas, which creates bubbles or fizzing. This occurs because lithium is less dense than water, allowing it to float. The reaction also generates enough heat to cause the hydrogen gas to ignite, which can lead to a small flame if there is sufficient energy and temperature. However, in a typical situation with lithium and water, the fizzing occurs steadily without an explosive reaction, making it a more controlled and observable process.

The steady fizzing is a direct result of hydrogen gas being released as lithium reacts with water to form lithium hydroxide and hydrogen. The presence of bubbles and the formation of hydrogen is a clear indication of the chemical reaction taking place.